Obesity
Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO) Diets
Obesity is defined as excessively high body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass. Not only the amount of body fat (adiposity), but also the distribution of fat throughout the body and the size of the adipose tissue deposits are of concern in studying the origin and effect of obesity. People with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to 29.9 are considered overweight; a BMI of 30 or more constitutes obese.
Lab Animal Diets for the Study and Inducement of Obesity
Purina TestDiet® produces a multitude of formulas for research in obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and related diseases – and we will produce custom variations to meet your specific research needs. For example, we can modify diets to be high in saturated fats (cocoa butter, coconut oil, palm oil, etc.) or unsaturated fats (corn oil, olive oil, etc.); and, a further example, we can increase or decrease the amount and type of carbohydrates from the simple (sucrose) to the complex (corn starch).
For the latest in diets for Diet-Induced Obesity, see:
TestDiet® 21st Century Western Diet™ Series
For recent research on the effects of dietary fat, see:
Differing sources of dietary fat alter the character of metabolic syndrome induced in the C57BL/6 mouse. Cunha TM, Peterson RG, & Gobbett TA (May, 2005)
Some commonly used DIO diets follow.
Using purified diets for obesity research provides the researcher a reliable and consistent tool to study the effect of specific nutrients in the onset and progress of this disease. By using these same diets for the study of related disorders, such as diabetes, the researcher can effectively and efficiently study the common dietary basis of diverse syndromes. For example, the amounts and types of carbohydrates and of fats can affect the degree of obesity, body fat distribution, insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and other physiological factors.
The "Surwit" series of diets is one example of diets developed to study the effect of the amount and type of both dietary carbohydrates and fats on body fat composition, glucose metabolism, obesity inducement, and diabetes inducement.
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Common Name |
D12328 |
D12329 |
D12330 |
D12331 |
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TestDiet® Formula |
Van Heek, M., D.S. Compton, C.F. France, R.P. Tedesco, A.B. Fawzi, M.P. Graziano, E.J. Sybertz, C.D. Strader, and H.R. Davis. (1997) Diet induced obese mice develop peripheral, but not central resistance to leptin”. J. Clin. Invest. 99:385-390)
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“10 kcal% fat” |
“45 kcal% fat” |
“60 kcal% fat” |
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Common Name |
D12450B |
D12451 |
D12492 |
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TestDiet® Formula |
"Essentials of Custom Diets for Laboratory Animals."
TestDiet® DIO Series™
Recognizing the increased attention being given to the role of fiber in fat digestion and metabolism in the 21st Century, we have developed the new "TestDiet® DIO Series"™ of diets for obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and related studies based upon our globally-respected TestDiet® #5755 Basal Diet.
This diet series corrects some flaws in the van Heek series, providing a balanced combination of both soluble and insoluble fiber, consistent ratios of complex and simple carbohydrates, and a low-fat control diet with sufficient amount of fat for minimal rodent health.
In the TestDiet® DIO Series™, all the micronutrients, proteins, and fiber are balanced by calories—the only variation being relative caloric contribution of fats and carbohydrates, with 12%*, 45%, and 60% kcal from fat (or whatever other variation you would like). When an animal has eaten the same amount of calories of any diet, it will have ingested the same amount of protein, fiber, and micronutrients.
This series also recognizes the growing attention to the function of fiber in metabolism of fats by providing equal parts of the insoluble fiber traditionally used in purified diets (cellulose) and soluble fiber (inulin), to more closely resemble a natural ingredient diet. The simple and complex carbohydrate ratios remain constant in all the diets.
We can adjust the amount and source of fats and carbohydrates (as well as protein, fiber, and micronutrients) to achieve any variation of these diets as necessary for your specific needs. All of these diets are typically produced as pellets, but they are available in powder/meal or "cookie dough" form as well.
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Kcal % Fat |
12%* |
45% |
60% |
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TestDiet® Formula |
*We believe that a "control" diet with 12% kcal from fat is more consistent with the generally-accepted standards of nutrition for rodents and is more compatible with usual and customary lab rodent grain-based feed (e.g., LabDiet® 5001) than is a control deriving only 10% kcal from fat.
The objective of this series is to mimic "typical" human "western" diets (North American/European). The formulas are based on a modification of the AIN-93G formula. Several of the diets, including a High-Fat Ketogenic Diet, a High-Protein Ketogenic Diet, an “Atkins type” diet, a “South Beach type”diet, and others can be used directly or modified to stud and/or induce obesity, and other factors of the metabolic syndrome. Details & Fomulas.
This diet was originally made with condensed milk and a grain base (known as "C11024"). Now virtually all researchers use the purified ingredient equivalent.
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Purified Match to Condensed Milk Diet (a/k/a "D12266B") |
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Low-fat Control for D12266B (a/k/a "D12489B") |
TestDiet #5342 (originally known as "D12079B") was formulated to represent a typical high-fat North American/European diet
Pelleted Diets with up to 60 kcal% fat.
The TestDiet® division has perfected proprietary methods for producing purified diet pellets that not only contain very high levels of fat, but also retain that fat fully incorporated into the pellets through normal shipping and storage conditions.
Representative listing of references reporting how diet formulas have been used in research.